Frost Dates by City: Last Spring and First Fall Frost in 100 U.S. Cities
Pick your city for its typical last spring frost, first fall frost and frost-free season, with the late and early dates to plan around.
Updated
Figures checked against their sources on ; next check .
Each page below gives one city its own frost dates, read from the NOAA weather station nearest its center: the last spring frost and first fall frost at even odds, the late spring and early fall dates that one year in ten passes, the length of the frost-free season, and planting dates counted from them. Your own town is not here? Use the frost dates tool, which covers 7,247 stations, or look up your hardiness zone by ZIP code.
Alabama
Alaska
Arizona
- Phoenix, AZLast frost January 8 · first frost December 25 · 354 days frost-free
- Tucson, AZLast frost February 5 · first frost December 9 · 307 days frost-free
- Mesa, AZLast frost February 1 · first frost December 10 · 312 days frost-free
- Gilbert, AZLast frost February 1 · first frost December 11 · 315 days frost-free
- Chandler, AZLast frost February 13 · first frost December 5 · 298 days frost-free
- Glendale, AZLast frost January 20 · first frost December 15 · 331 days frost-free
- Scottsdale, AZLast frost January 27 · first frost December 21 · 330 days frost-free
Arkansas
California
- San Jose, CALast frost January 2 · first frost December 25 · 362 days frost-free
- Fresno, CALast frost January 14 · first frost December 14 · 337 days frost-free
- Sacramento, CALast frost January 12 · first frost December 16 · 341 days frost-free
- Bakersfield, CALast frost January 31 · first frost December 8 · 312 days frost-free
- Stockton, CALast frost February 5 · first frost December 8 · 305 days frost-free
- Riverside, CALast frost January 9 · first frost December 25 · 353 days frost-free
- San Bernardino, CALast frost January 27 · first frost December 19 · 329 days frost-free
- Modesto, CALast frost January 31 · first frost December 5 · 312 days frost-free
Colorado
Florida
Georgia
Idaho
Illinois
Indiana
Iowa
Kansas
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
Missouri
Nebraska
Nevada
- Las Vegas, NVLast frost January 24 · first frost December 10 · 323 days frost-free
- Henderson, NVLast frost January 20 · first frost December 15 · 333 days frost-free
- North Las Vegas, NVLast frost February 1 · first frost December 8 · 311 days frost-free
- Reno, NVLast frost April 28 · first frost October 27 · 182 days frost-free
New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
- New York, NYLast frost April 1 · first frost November 19 · 233 days frost-free
- Buffalo, NYLast frost April 24 · first frost October 26 · 183 days frost-free
- Yonkers, NYLast frost April 20 · first frost October 26 · 189 days frost-free
- Rochester, NYLast frost April 24 · first frost October 25 · 181 days frost-free
North Carolina
- Charlotte, NCLast frost March 30 · first frost November 3 · 221 days frost-free
- Raleigh, NCLast frost March 28 · first frost November 8 · 229 days frost-free
- Greensboro, NCLast frost April 1 · first frost November 4 · 217 days frost-free
- Durham, NCLast frost April 2 · first frost November 4 · 217 days frost-free
- Winston-Salem, NCLast frost March 26 · first frost November 9 · 228 days frost-free
- Fayetteville, NCLast frost March 30 · first frost November 10 · 227 days frost-free
Ohio
- Columbus, OHLast frost April 20 · first frost October 24 · 185 days frost-free
- Cleveland, OHLast frost April 8 · first frost November 12 · 217 days frost-free
- Cincinnati, OHLast frost April 16 · first frost October 25 · 190 days frost-free
- Toledo, OHLast frost April 20 · first frost October 27 · 188 days frost-free
Oklahoma
Oregon
Pennsylvania
South Dakota
Tennessee
Texas
- Houston, TXLast frost February 2 · first frost December 25 · 327 days frost-free
- San Antonio, TXLast frost February 25 · first frost November 28 · 277 days frost-free
- Dallas, TXLast frost March 2 · first frost November 29 · 272 days frost-free
- Fort Worth, TXLast frost March 5 · first frost November 24 · 264 days frost-free
- Austin, TXLast frost February 20 · first frost December 3 · 291 days frost-free
- El Paso, TXLast frost March 2 · first frost November 20 · 261 days frost-free
- Arlington, TXLast frost March 9 · first frost November 21 · 256 days frost-free
- Plano, TXLast frost March 7 · first frost November 21 · 259 days frost-free
- Lubbock, TXLast frost April 4 · first frost November 2 · 210 days frost-free
- Laredo, TXLast frost January 25 · first frost December 17 · 329 days frost-free
- Irving, TXLast frost March 8 · first frost November 24 · 262 days frost-free
- McKinney, TXLast frost March 17 · first frost November 15 · 241 days frost-free
- Grand Prairie, TXLast frost March 20 · first frost November 13 · 236 days frost-free
- Amarillo, TXLast frost April 13 · first frost October 27 · 195 days frost-free
Utah
Virginia
- Virginia Beach, VALast frost March 29 · first frost November 12 · 230 days frost-free
- Chesapeake, VALast frost March 23 · first frost November 18 · 240 days frost-free
- Richmond, VALast frost April 3 · first frost November 4 · 215 days frost-free
- Norfolk, VALast frost March 16 · first frost November 26 · 255 days frost-free
Washington
Wisconsin
How these cities were chosen
We ranked the incorporated places of the 50 states and D.C. by the Census Bureau's Vintage 2024 population estimate and walked down the list, keeping a city only when its page could meet the same bar as every other page on the site. A city needs a NOAA station with a standard or representative record within 25 miles of its Census internal point (flag S or R); that station must have frost dates and a typical-year frost; and no larger city may already use it, since two pages on one station would differ only by a name. The walk stopped at 100 cities on 100 different stations, and 23 places were passed over on the way.
Places passed over (23) and why
- Los Angeles, CA (3,878,704 people): frost too rare to date. closer station CULVER CITY (USC00042214), about 1 mi away, has a 32 °F night in only 6.7% of years; the dated station BURBANK VALLEY PUMP PLT is about 12 mi away.
- San Diego, CA (1,404,452 people): frost too rare to date. closer station SAN DIEGO MONTGOMERY FLD (USW00003131), about 0 mi away, has a 32 °F night in only 5.5% of years; the dated station EL CAJON is about 12 mi away.
- San Francisco, CA (827,526 people): no usable station within range. nearest station with a standard or representative record is about 29 mi away.
- Miami, FL (487,014 people): frost too rare to date. closer station MIAMI BEACH (USW00092811), about 5 mi away, has a 32 °F night in only 0.2% of years; the dated station PERRINE 4W is about 19 mi away.
- Long Beach, CA (450,901 people): frost too rare to date. closer station LONG BEACH DAUGHERTY FLD (USW00023129), about 2 mi away, has a 32 °F night in only 1% of years; the dated station TORRANCE AP is about 10 mi away.
- Oakland, CA (443,554 people): frost too rare to date. closer station OAKLAND MUSEUM (USC00046336), about 3 mi away, has a 32 °F night in only 3.3% of years; the dated station OAKLAND METRO INTL AP is about 3 mi away.
- Tampa, FL (414,547 people): a typical year has no frost. TAMPA INTL AP (USW00012842): a 32 °F night in only 34.5% of years, and a median frost-free season of 365 days.
- Anaheim, CA (344,561 people): frost too rare to date. closer station ANAHEIM (USC00040192), about 5 mi away, has a 32 °F night in only 1.3% of years; the dated station TUSTIN IRVINE RCH is about 11 mi away.
- Irvine, CA (318,683 people): a typical year has no frost. TUSTIN IRVINE RCH (USC00049087): a 32 °F night in only 50.4% of years, and a median frost-free season of 365 days.
- Corpus Christi, TX (317,317 people): a typical year has no frost. CORPUS CHRISTI NAS (USW00012926): a 32 °F night in only 30.6% of years, and a median frost-free season of 365 days.
- Santa Ana, CA (316,184 people): frost too rare to date. closer station SANTA ANA FIRE STN (USC00047888), about 1 mi away, has a 32 °F night in only 2.5% of years; the dated station TUSTIN IRVINE RCH is about 8 mi away.
- Jersey City, NJ (302,824 people): same station as a larger city. HARRISON (USC00283704) already serves Newark, NJ.
- Chula Vista, CA (278,546 people): frost too rare to date. closer station CHULA VISTA (USC00041758), about 4 mi away, has a 32 °F night in only 7% of years; the dated station SAN DIEGO BROWN FLD is about 4 mi away.
- St. Petersburg, FL (267,102 people): a typical year has no frost. ST PETERSBURG (USC00087886): a 32 °F night in only 10.8% of years, and a median frost-free season of 365 days.
- Port St. Lucie, FL (258,575 people): frost too rare to date. closer station NETTLES IS (USC00086092), about 10 mi away, has a 32 °F night in only 1.8% of years; the dated station STUART is about 11 mi away.
- Garland, TX (250,431 people): same station as a larger city. RICHARDSON (USC00417588) already serves Plano, TX.
- Hialeah, FL (235,388 people): frost too rare to date. closer station MIAMI OPA LOCKA AP (USW00012882), about 3 mi away, has a 32 °F night in only 0.4% of years; the dated station PERRINE 4W is about 22 mi away.
- Frisco, TX (235,208 people): same station as a larger city. RICHARDSON (USC00417588) already serves Plano, TX.
- Cape Coral, FL (233,025 people): a typical year has no frost. FT MYERS PAGE FLD AP (USW00012835): a 32 °F night in only 14% of years, and a median frost-free season of 365 days.
- Santa Clarita, CA (229,159 people): a typical year has no frost. NEWHALL 5NW (USC00046161): a 32 °F night in only 37.2% of years, and a median frost-free season of 365 days.
- Fremont, CA (228,192 people): a typical year has no frost. NEWARK (USC00046144): a 32 °F night in only 43.2% of years, and a median frost-free season of 365 days.
- Fontana, CA (218,455 people): a typical year has no frost. ONTARIO INTL AP (USW00003102): a 32 °F night in only 40.9% of years, and a median frost-free season of 365 days.
- Moreno Valley, CA (213,919 people): same station as a larger city. REDLANDS (USC00047306) already serves San Bernardino, CA.
Sources (7)
- NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information, U.S. Climate Normals 1991-2020, annual and seasonal normals (frost/freeze probabilities by station) ncei.noaa.gov
- NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information, U.S. Climate Normals 2020: Annual/Seasonal Climate Normals (1991-2020), doi:10.25921/4ek7-fk11, with Normals_ANN_Documentation_1991-2020 and Normals_Calculation_Methodology_2020 (frost/freeze probability dates) doi.org
- U.S. Census Bureau, 2024 Gazetteer Files: Places (national file) www2.census.gov
- U.S. Census Bureau, Annual Estimates of the Resident Population for Incorporated Places, Vintage 2024 (sub-est2024, cities and towns) www2.census.gov
- University of New Hampshire Cooperative Extension, Growing Vegetables: When to Plant Your Vegetable Garden (fact sheet) extension.unh.edu
- NC State Extension (Bradley, Gunter, Sherk and Driscoll), Central North Carolina Planting Calendar for Annual Vegetables, Fruits, and Herbs, AG-756-01, published July 8, 2016 content.ces.ncsu.edu
- University of Georgia Cooperative Extension (Bob Westerfield), Vegetable Garden Calendar, Circular 943, published with full review March 10, 2026 extension.uga.edu
